Tuesday, February 8, 2011

Ca Tru folk music sees revival

The millennium-old northern folk music genre of Ca tru is making a comeback after decades of neglect, with more and more young girls training to become dao nuong, or professional singers.

The music is said to have originated in Hanoi during the Ly Dynasty era around 1,000 years ago, mainly to entertain the royal court just like many other Vietnamese arts.

With the unwritten rule that only young, beautiful girls could become dao nuong, things took a nasty turn in the 20th century when mandarins and high-profile officials began to prey on them.

A stigma soon set in and “good” young girls were no longer taking up Ca tru.

The feudal system may have ended in Vietnam in 1945 but the shame persisted until recently.

It took UNESCO’s conferring of the status of an intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding in 2009 for the stigma to be shed and a revival to begin.

It takes years for a young girl to master control over rhythms and tones and become a Ca tru vocalist. It is usually performed as an ensemble with at least two more performers on a ceremonial drum and a dan day, the three-stringed lute.

The most illustrious dao nuong of the 20th century and renowned to this day despite her death 10 years ago was Quach Thi Ho.

Ho is cherished not only for talent but also her great love for and her sacrifice for Ca tru.

During the difficult period in the 20th century, Ho remained steadfast and continued to sing despite being scorned by neighbors.

One of her closest friends is Prof Dr Tran Van Khe, who recorded some of her music in 1976 to take Vietnamese folk music to the outside world.

Two years later, UNESCO and the International Institute for Comparative Music Studies and Documentation awarded Ho an honorary credential for her contribution to preserving traditional music.

In 1988 the recordings won the top prize at an international traditional music festival in North Korea attended by 29 nations. The same year the Vietnamese government conferred on her the title of People’s Artist, the only Ca tru artist to be thus honored.

Despite fearing the possible extinction of the art form, Ho was hesitant to teach it due to the social prejudices.

Once when writer Luu Trong Van asked her why she refused to teach it, she replied: “Who is willing to learn it? And learn for what?

“A high-profile cultural official told me bluntly that my Ca tru mainly served feudalists and colonialists.

“Let a tree dying out die out,” she quoted him as telling her.

“You just wait to see its flowers blossom,” she replied.

One family

The ancient folk music has been well preserved by at least a family of Nguyen of Hanoi’s Thai Ha, a place with a rich Ca tru tradition.

The family, known commonly as Nguyen Thai Ha, produced many famous singers and three-stringed lute players who performed in royal courts - such as Nguyen Duc Y, Nguyen Van Xuan, and Nguyen Thi Tuyet.

 dao nuong 2

Nguyen Thi Tuyet - one of the Ca tru masters of the Nguyen - Thai Ha family

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Flower road closes, receives 800,000 visits

Nearly 800,000 people visited the flower-bedecked Nguyen Hue Street in downtown Ho Chi Minh City during the seven days the flower show was open to the public.

It was closed at 10pm yesterday – the fourth day of the lunar new year with a street performance.

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Over 100,000 people visited the Road yesterday

Tran Hung Viet, deputy director of Saigontourist and chief organizer of the flower show, told Tuoi Tre that on New Year's Eve, more than 100,000 people visited the road and enjoyed a fireworks display there.

Currently, hundreds of workers are cleaning up to return the Nguyen Hue road to normalcy. The job is expected to be finished by 6pm today.

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A performance on Le Loi Road to conclude the flower show

This time, the flower festival was themed “New Heights” during the Year of the Cat.

It was divided into various segments this year like “Vietnamese Spirit,” “southern Tet holiday,” “New Heights,” “Peaceful Spring,” “Time of the Season,” and “Humane Garden.”

Under the segment themed “southern Tet holiday” from Le Loi to Nguyen Thiep Streets, organizers created a festive atmosphere using traditional Tet images like the cylindrical glutinous rice cake, watermelon, and flowers with a pair of happy wooden cats.

“New Heights” from Nguyen Thiep to Huynh Thuc Khang Streets was decorated with garlands, multi-colored lanterns, kites, and bamboo flowers, all symbols of the country’s unity and development.

Orchids, stylized lotus petals, baskets of flowers, small boats of flowers, a house of roses and others featured in “Peaceful spring” between Huynh Thuc Khang and Ngo Duc Ke Streets.

“Time of the season” from Ngo Duc Ke to Hai Trieu featured rice paddies, ceramic flowerpots, Tet-themed paintings, and cards.

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A foreign tourist posing with two performers walking on stilts during a performance yesterday

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Sunday, February 6, 2011

Hanoi through eyes of French photographer

If he had more time, Nicolas Cornet, a French photo-journalist would have talked more about Hanoi both in French and Vietnamese. However, he prefers to use his photos to tell his stories.

Cornet said he has closely followed the changes in people and Hanoi through his own photo journalism. That is why when visiting an exhibition showcasing Cornet’s photos of Hanoi at the French Culture Centre L’Espace in late 2010, many people who were born and grew up in the city suddenly recognised scenes they had taken for granted for a long time.

Hanoi in his photos is not merely a reminiscence, but is always moving. Viewers can see the city through photos portraying people’s daily lives, high-rise buildings or ancient, moss covered pagodas.

“His photos are unexpectedly lively,” a common comment made by many visitors. For them, Cornet’s photos are beautiful, not only in terms of lay-out and colour, but also of containing the city’s flavours such as steamed glutinous rice and green tea that are served on the city’s pavement kiosks.

After three years of collecting images and ideas, Cornet has published a pictorial book about Hanoi to celebrate the city’s 1,000 th anniversary.

Since 1987, Nicolas Cornet has spent a couple of months each year returning to Vietnam and feels it is his “home country”.

Besides working for many of Europe ’s well-known daily newspapers and magazines such as L’Espresso, Mare, Le Republica, Figaro Magazine, Le Monde, Ulysse, Geo, Grands Reportages and Nouvel Observateur, Cornet has given lectures on photography and press photography. He has already hosted a series of personal exhibitions in France, Germany, Switzerland and Vietnam.
 

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In slow motion

Gillian (names changed), 37, mother of two finds herself constantly tired, despite her daily workouts at the gym, twice a week swims and yoga once a week. “I’m a stay-at-home mother with a busier life than when I was working and had no help in Sydney.”

Russell, thirtysomething, works in sales and has a busy social life, which he can’t seem to extract himself from—and he knows he has to, “for the sake of my liver”, he says with a chuckle.

Sarah says she is always on the go, despite seemingly easier work hours as a teacher and two-day weekend. “I have a lot more work-stuff to do and because I don’t want to turn into a homebody, I find myself stretched too thin socially.”

Andrew, 26, a recent resident of Saigon and banker, finds himself in front of the TV most nights of the week, watching the latest episodes of his favourite shows, a beer and take-away his sources of solace and comfort—because he’s just too exhausted.

There are scores of similar stories echoing the same sentiment: busy lives depleting peoples’ energy levels and/or increasing stress and frustration. These stories occur every day, in every city, including HCM City and break many myths associated with the notion that life in Southeast Asia is an easier one, relatively stress free given the comforts of household help and cheaper cost of living.

Nothing could be further from the truth.

That is what long-time expat and general director of Family Medical Practice Dr Rafi Kot says. Everyone is smart enough to understand the importance of slowing down but realising it is difficult. He cites an example of spontaneous activity, and how they often tend to leave lasting impressions. “Here, it’s not so easy to get up and go somewhere or do something.”

There are many challenges to living in a foreign country, from learning new languages and social mores to simpler tasks like adjusting to traffic. However, Dr Kot believes HCM City throws greater challenges than for example, Hanoi nationally and even Phnom Penh and Bangkok regionally, because of its lack of space—and therefore places to escape to. (Despite its cosmopolitan nature, Bangkok has many public parks he says.)

“One of the easiest ways to slow down,” he says, “is to walk your dog, but can one do that in a leisurely manner here? Hanoi is a bustling cosmopolitan but it has parks and its lakes bring serenity; I can’t advise patients to go for a walk in the park here so am forced to tell them to get away for a weekend—a change of environment usually does wonders for a short period. And I don’t mean going away to Phan Thiet because if your experience is going to be affected by complaints of the ride there and back or the traffic en route, it defeats the purpose of getting away. I advise people to look into low-cost carriers and get away to Hong Kong or a place that is opposite of here [to wind down].”

Inevitably, stress takes a toll on one’s body. Ailments can take the shape of sleeping disorders, digestive issues, mild to chronic pains, respiratory problems (brought on by air pollution) to more serious diseases. In the good news, despite the seemingly psychosomatic-related ailments present, people in Vietnam aren’t popping muscle relaxants, sleeping pills or pills meant for psychiatric issues. Dr Kot adds that the drug manufacturing company for one such popular drug in the west recalled its product because there was no market here.

In a world where the number of drugs being created in the mental health industry is rising, this is certainly cheer-worthy. As is peoples’ desire to take time out for themselves, to care for their minds and bodies—as evidenced, for example, by more yoga options in the city. Yoga is a no-brainer example of slow activity that’s good for your body and mind. Its meditative aspect discourages mind-wandering and/or idleness, which are common side effects of busy lives dominated by technology or addiction to social media.

Yoga living

Michelle Lloyd has been teaching yoga for three years and talks about its therapeutic values and how this ancient, gentle exercise, which incorporates meditation, is essentially about slowing down. On a personal level, she has seen its benefits on herself, from when she began practicing to teaching it. “It has had a huge impact on my relationships and I find myself able to interact with people better; I’m not so quick to react, but rather pause, breathe and respond,” she says citing one example, adding that watching it have a beneficial impact on her students brings her much joy. “I have seen it transform people in a very positive manner. They may come in to practice yoga because they want to lose weight but over time they find that the practice provides a much more profound and wholesome effect on their physical, spiritual and mental health. This is what keeps them coming back to their practice.”

I ask whether the mushrooming of yoga outlets in HCM City is indicative of a demand for more places where people can go to switch gears. She thinks so and adds that such spaces encourage one to “turn down the volume of your internal dialogue, chatter and tune into the breath.” She stresses that yoga allows people to connect with themselves for the time they practice it which in turns gives them a moment’s of silence, peace—“whether that moment is five minutes or the entire yoga session,” she adds. “Coming to a studio to practice provides the environment where people can learn how to slow down and enjoy peace of mind, methods which can be taken with them when they leave the yoga mat and go about their daily lives. Bringing awareness to your breath throughout the day, five minutes at your desk, for a taxi ride, whatever... That also is a huge part of the yoga practice.”

Slow food, slow pleasure

The importance of eating well—and slowly—cannot be stressed enough. Again, it is a fact we are all too aware of but find difficult to implement. While Vietnam may not be beset by the scourge of fast food, or reliance on processed convenience food, and meals are fairly healthy (and for some of lucky ones, prepared by staff) slow food isn’t just about a meal that is leisurely prepared. The slow food movement began in 1989 by Falco Portinari as a reaction to fast food and the damages it would cause to the body and eating culture. He propagates the ideology that taste must be developed, not denigrated as is wont to happen on reliance to fast food. “We are enslaved by speed and have all succumbed to the same insidious virus: Fast Life, which disrupts our habits, pervades the privacy of our homes and forces us to eat fast foods,” he writes on his website.

Granted that eating fresh healthy food, which is fairly in abundance here in its fruit and vegetables, is paramount but so is eating it in a leisurely manner, on the table (not in front of the TV), amongst friends and family. Slow eating (i.e. chewing longer) encourages better digestion. It also gives moment to pause and reflect, or enjoy instead of the frenzy that eating in a rushed manner while thinking of the task(s) ahead.
Studies have also shown that eating slowly can lead to weight loss without you doing anything—in one study it stated that you could lose up to 20 pounds a year without altering your diet or exercise regimen by eating slowly as it takes 20 minutes for the brain to recognise that it’s full.

The pleasures of slow dining are catching on with the resurgence of the slow cooker, and contrary to popular opinion in the 1970s, they do not strip food of flavour. A recent article in the Guardian talked about there being 864 titles on Amazon’s site dedicated to recipes for slow cookers.

Nice and slow

Joanne, 30-something, talks about how much of a difference daily dinner with the family, gadget free, on the table with proper china and silverware, has made on their relationship. “My husband and I actually know what is going on in our teenagers’ lives. It’s not just about their activities or everyone’s social lives and who needs the driver when; we really do talk over the table about holidays we want to take, news back home and even gossip about the neighbours,” she says with a laugh, adding that sometimes the obvious solution (i.e. family dinner) can evade you.

William Shakespeare summed it up well when he wrote: “Wisely, and slow. They stumble that run fast.” As we usher in 2011, and make notes about resolutions we hope not to break, take a moment to reflect on how you can incorporate slow into your life —and how it will enhance your life.

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The ancient art of catfighting

If you grew up on a daily diet of Tom and Jerry cartoons, you’d be surprised to know the forerunners of the clumsy, outwitted Tom to have actually provided an inspiration for ancient Vietnamese to create a form of martial art called vo meo (the cat kung fu).

Cat kung fu is a style of fighting adapted from the cat’s postures and movements and as such, it elevates the status of the cat to that of other awe-inspiring animals, such as the tiger, dragon and eagle after which animals many world-famous styles of martial arts have been named.

A cat’s strengths lie in its flexibility and agility, allowing it to move swiftly and noiselessly and launch quick attacks with its sharp claws and lightning-speed slaps. Observing its swift movements and formidable postures in fighting other animals and hunting mice has led some ancient Vietnamese martial art experts to invent the cat-like style of fighting, which survives and is still practiced in the country today.

A leaf from the book of life

The existence of cat kung fu is well-known to many in the world of professional martial arts but researchers need more than just anecdotal evidence to confirm its existence.

As an expert on the traditional Vietnamese martial arts, I have researched documents and exhibits in museums and libraries, and examined martial art postures related to the cat in many different schools of martial arts in Vietnam. I have discovered that the cat kung fu appeared very early in our country.

Ancient Vietnamese were good at self-protection because they had to fight against savage animals, thieves, robbers, and other enemies. In the beginning, their kung fu was based mostly on everyday activities such as hunting animals, climbing trees, plowing land, and rowing boats. At the same time, they observed how certain animals hunted their prey and then imitated their postures and movements. Not surprisingly, they did not neglect the cat, a skilled hunter and a familiar household animal to them.

To the ancient people, cats were an extremely smart and faithful animal that were loved and treated as a friend in the family. Their effective hunting skills and special fighting style gave ancient Vietnamese an idea about developing a style of fighting that captures the cat’s strengths -- quick attack, quiet retreat, sharp observation, high jumping, fast running, effortless movements and extremely nimble postures.

The cat-like fighting style, existing in a preliminary form next to other animal-based forms of kung fu, such as the tigers, monkeys, snakes, became a vital instrument for ancient Vietnamese to deal with dangers and challenges. Over time, the postures and movements of the cat were systematized and developed into a full-fledged form of martial arts.

In fact, the cat kung fu helped to diversify the many Vietnamese schools of fighting and enrich the national treasure of traditional martial arts.

Degeneration and loss due to oral teaching

The majority of martial art exercises adapted from animals were mainly taught orally and many of them have been lost after thousands of years not being collected and preserved. As the masters of the cat kung fu passed away over time, this form of martial art gradually became lost or degenerated into many inaccurate versions.

Today, drilling techniques in the art of cat fighting are rare and little known to the public. According to experts, “Mieu tay dien” (the cat washing its face) is perhaps among the earliest cat kung fu exercise that survives in Vietnam.

In 1965, I studied the cat kung fu with two martial art masters Huyen An and Nghia Hiep, and later watched Quach Cang, Ta Canh Tham and some other martial art teachers in Binh Dinh Province perform “Mieu tay dien.” This exercise consists of 32 acts, requiring great coordination between the arms and legs.

Techniques of moving, attacking, retreating, evading or neutralizing the opponent’s offense almost make no noise, approaching the movement of a falling leaf in midair. They marshal a person’s both internal and external strengths and are crystallized in the “soft but not weak, hard but not broken” principle.

The formal feline exercises in fighting not only serve the practitioners well in all situations, both in offense and defense, but also contribute to improving their strength and health.

Although the cat’s martial art enjoys less popularity today, its drilling techniques and exercises are still collected and preserved at many martial art centers. The martial art centers of Ha Trong Ngu and Ha Trong Khanh in Ho Chi Minh City’s Go Vap District perpetuate and teach students some typical lessons in the cat-style of kung fu such as “Linh mieu doc chien” (Sacred cat fighting alone) and “Bach mieu quyen” (White cat’s fists).

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Saturday, February 5, 2011

Overseas Vietnamese are subjects of film series

The latest stories about the lives of Vietnamese expatriates will be retold in a multi-episode documentary film by the Ho Chi Minh City Television Film Studio, with plans to broadcast the programme on the city’s TV channel HTV7 early this year.

“The diversity of the overseas Vietnamese (OV) community living around the world has encouraged us to make the film series, and we hope they will act as a bridge to connect all Vietnamese people worldwide,” the film’s general director Ly Quang Trung said.

“Nguoi Viet xa xu” (Vietnamese Expatriates) is the film studio’s longest chronicle film and includes 240 episodes. Production started four years ago.

Six working groups, each with seven members, travelled to many countries in the world where Vietnamese people are living to record their daily life, including their activities to maintain traditional customs, as well their wishes to make contributions to the homeland.

“Each country where Vietnamese people are living will tell an exciting story about the culture and history of the Vietnamese community,” Trung said.

Despite difficulties in climate and working conditions, film makers have tried their best to bring the film to public in the hope that the series will act as a bridge to connect local people and Vietnamese expatriates, Trung further said.

Apart from the multi-episode film on OV, Vietnamese television stations, such as Ho Chi Minh City television HTV and VTV4 channel of Vietnam Television have made a number of programmes retelling the lives of Vietnamese around the world.

There are about four million Vietnamese people living and studying in 100 countries and territories worldwide who are considered as an indispensable part of the nation

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When fashion and culture mix

Ho Tran Da Thao is a fan of her own collections. She wears her own models at international exhibitions she is invited to, to her fashion shows or simply for a night out with friends.

Thao is now used to being stopped on the streets by fashion lovers, especially foreign ones who would ask her many prying questions about her clothes.

She would return a smile, a proud one, pointing at the distinctive image printed on her clothes and starts her mini presentation to the curious stranger.

“You know, this is an image of traditional Vietnamese folk woodcut painting called Dong Ho..,”

Born in 1979, Da Thao did not start off as a fashion designer. An English graduate from Ho Chi Minh Social Studies and Humanities University, she was then later trained as a designer at Australian TAFE Institution and went through several foreign- sponsored fashion design competitions in Vietnam to build up experience.

At the 2008 International Young Fashion Entrepreneur conference organized by the British Council, she was crowned winner in Vietnam, an event which won her a chance to identify the path she would later follow with much enthusiasm.

Representing the country in the final round of the competition held in the United Kingdom, Thao seized the opportunity to visit all European fashion capitals in a three month backpacker trip afterwards. She lost at the competition, but went home with a new found inspiration.

“Ethnic fashion is on the rise at fashion capitals like Paris or Madrid. Stores presenting Indian or Nepalese tradition inspired clothes to flourish there,” Thao said.

“They can do that, why can’t I with our rich cultural heritage? I then decided it was time to go back, and do something about this”.

And the Northern Vietnam’s folk art painting, Dong Ho was what she chose to start with.
In the past, Dong Ho painting was an essential element of the Tết holiday in Vietnam; this tradition has gradually declined under the influence of modern types of painting and fake Dong Ho products.

Thao went to Dong Ho village in the northern province of Bac Ninh, where paintings have been manually produced for hundreds of years and studied the folk art with an old master.

With hundreds of old paintings and a profound knowledge of the age-old art accompanying her on her way back, Thao knew then she had just begun a difficult journey.

To recreate Dong Ho paintings on clothes, Thao worked up combining all crafting techniques to preserve the paintings’ original spirit in modern fabrics.

Not all paintings’ details can be used, some paintings can only be kept with a few sketches and strokes. Their colors originate from nature such as leaves or trees, which reflect different lights and shades on different fabrics and materials, posing another challenge to the designer.

For months, digital painting, embroidery, beading, hand drawing or a combination of all had been tried by Thao to best transfer the paintings onto her designed clothes.

fashion

Only 20 out of hundreds of Dong Ho paintings were used to make her collections.
In 2009, Thao with her collection were invited to Bangkok to join the Asian Creative Industry’s Conference and Exhibition organized by British Council and won considerable notice and praises.

Thanks to Thao, a near lost cultural tradition is given life in another form which can touch a wider audience. It is not just another fashion story.

 

Dong Ho folk woodcut painting is a genre of Vietnamese woodcut paintings originated from Dong Ho village in Bac Ninh Province, Vietnam.
Using the traditional điệp paper and colors derived from nature, craftsmen print Dong Ho pictures of different themes from good luck wishes, historical figures to everyday activities and folk allegories.
In the past, Dong Ho painting was an essential element of the Tết holiday in Vietnam; this tradition has gradually declined under the influence of modern types of painting and fake Dong Ho products.
However, the art of making Dong Ho pictures is always considered a symbol of traditional culture and aesthetic value of Vietnam.

 

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